Preventing self-fertilization: Insights from Ziziphus species

The fitness of self-progeny individuals is inferior to that their outcrossed counterparts, resulting in a reduction plant population’s ability survive and reproduce. To prevent self‐fertilization, angiosperms with hermaphrodite flowers may exploit variety mechanisms, including synchronous dichogamy self-incompatibility. Synchronous involves two flowering morphs, strict within-morph synchronization, thereby preventing not only autogamy geitonogamy but also intra-morph mating. Self-fertilization prevented by self-incompatibility, genetic mechanism allows the identification rejection “self” pollen, both geitonogamy. Here, I seek provide perspective Ziziphus species exhibiting (i.e., “Early” morph open morning “Late” afternoon) protandrous pollen dispersal before stigma becomes receptive)